![]() In the therapeutic range, O3 can be used as a more effective and safe substitute of standard medications. ![]() Few clinical applications have been reviewed here as well as exemplifying that O3therapy is particularly useful in musculoskeletal disorders. O3 therapy has finally reached a level where the biological mechanisms of action have been understood, showing that they are in thedomain of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Oxygen-ozone (O3) therapy serves as an alternative medical technique that increases the oxygen in the body along with the introduction of O3. *Correspondence to: Sardar Ali Khan, MD, FRCS, FACS, orcid: 0000-0002-4759-530X (Sardar Ali Khan) George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West IndiesĤ Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA Smith2, Inefta Reid1, Jason Gandhi1, 3, Wendy Jiang1, Sardar Ali Khan1, 4, *1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA 2 Foley Plaza Medical, New York, NY, USAģ Medical Student Research Institute, St. Clinical utility of ozone therapy for musculoskeletal disorders
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